The Slope of the Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve

Cell Phones Are Changing The Lives Of Canadians - 896 Words

Cell Phones In Canadian Lives I believe cell phones are changing the lives of Canadians in a negative way for several different reasons; all of which will be outlined below. First is the issue of intimacy in relationships, because of cell phones we seem to have lost intimacy in our relationships. I am not just talking about the intimacy between couples, I am referring to the intimacy in all of our relationships. It is not unusual for a group of friends to be in the same room, and barely talk to each other. Some might say it is unnecessary to speak just because you are together, and I would agree, except I am not referring to the comfortable silence that occurs when people are together. I am referring to the silence that occurs when every other person in the room has their cell phone in their hand, texting, watching Youtube, or checking their Facebook page. I have witnessed two people texting each other, you say, so what s the big deal?, I then explain that they were sitting beside each other! How many times in an hour do you check your cell phone? According to research scientist Helen Lee Lin, writing in Scientific American, the report suggests that cell phones may serve as a reminder of the wider network to which we could connect, inhibiting our ability to connect with the people right next to us. (http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/news/study-finds-cell-phones-may-damage-relationships.html) A recent set of studies by Andrew K. Przybylski and Netta Weinstein of theShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Impacted Society Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesand go with our credit card by simply wave the card over the reader. However, a massive part of technology revolves around our need to communicate. 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Rental Property Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Rental Property and RentalMarket in Australia. Answer: Introduction The choice of rental property is very crucial, especially for working class individuals as the choice affects the productivity as well as the convenience at work. The market forces drive the rentalmarket in Australia just like any other market. These forces also come with a variety of factors ranging from distance to the amount of rent charged. The survey made sure it covered all these factors through listing on them among the survey questions These factors, the six of them, included, rent amounts, the number of bedrooms, and nature of the kitchen, parking space, furnishing, and renovation as well as the distance from the city center. Moreover, the survey connected the result on the choices to the personalities through including questions on their opinions, the level of education, as well as their occupation(Cherry, 20115). This paper will analyze the personality of three individuals concerning their choice on rental property and try to determine the kind of property that these individuals are likely to go for. Personality Personality is the characteristics of an individual that makes him/her different from the others. These characteristics add up to the individuals behavior and emotions. According to Freuds theory of personality, a persons personality is shaped by the several factors that an individual interacts with. These factors include, instinctual drive, unconscious processes to early childhood influences. He further adds that the individuals personality is largely determined by his/her first five years of development in life. Another theory known as the tripartite theory of personality argues that personality is composed of three parts, these are id, ego, and super ego, and all of them develop at different stages of life(Easthope, 2014). Respondent 2 Respondent 2 is a male aged 54, a senior manager at a bank. The respondent is divorced and has a daughter who also has a contribution in making choices about the rental property. He also lives in Australia and makes a pretax income of $ 198,000 Australian dollars. The respondent prefers option 4, which contains a three-bedroom apartment, with one kitchen, two bedrooms, and two secured car space, modern renovation and unfurnished. According to the theories of personalities, judging on the reaction to the statements on the survey, the respondent seems to base his choice of rental property on his extroverted character, openness to new experience as well as sympathy and kindness(Slade, 2012). The sympathy and kindness character made him include the opinion from his daughter in making his decision that is the reason why he rated option one as the desirable yet settled on option 4 which was directed by the sympathetic character to involve his daughter's input on the decision(Herman, 2014). Also, the extraverts trait also contributed to the kind of house that the respondent had chosen, option one seems to be very luxurious and portray high status, this would fit the bank manager who needs to show off the power and capabilities, moreover this is well accompanied by the carefulness and experience personality required to manage such a house. According to the Freud's theory of personality, the ego part of the personality acts as the referee that mediates the super-ego and the id. Applying this theory to the respondent, it shows that the respondent desired to go for option one but it due to the mediation as a result of the ego in his personality, he ended up considering the situation of his daughter. However, the ego part of his personality is also controllable, as it has helped deal with the real life situation of considering the closeness to work as well as his daughters school as well as his desire for new experience. The choice made by the respondent had nothing to do with mood. However, the rest of the choices were suitable for him and his personality as well as the situation of having a daughter and being divorced (Matthews, 2017). Respondent 3 Respondent 3 is a female who is a house-wife and has children. This respondent is also extraverted, kind, and sympathetic as well as opens to new experiences. Just like respondent 2, the respondent rated option 1 as the most preferable option which would suit her personality of an extrovert as well as openness to new experiences. However, the trait in her personality that involves sympathy and kindness makes her consider the case of the husband and kids. This considerations might involve school and job inconveniences or regarding income. However, the moody personality, made her choose a house far from the first option, which is semi furnished yet with almost similar specification as the fast house.The choice is however considerable of the husbands income as well as the family need though it inconveniences their accessibility to social amenities like healthcare and schools(Krupi?, 2016) . Respondent 4 The respondent is a male aged 29, works as a plumber and has a partner. His main traits include extraversion, sympathetic and kindness as well as openness to new experiences. The decision on the rental property for this case is not largely influenced by circumstances but rather the situation. Because he has a partner means, they are not staying in the same house. This, therefore, leaves the respondent with the freedom to live in the rental property on option 3. The extroverted trait in his personality directs him towards living in a house where there are people around rather than living by himself. However, the decision he has made pertaining the choice of rental property is still the same as that which he preferred meaning that his partner's input does not contribute much to the decision(Mohamed, 2014). Demographics Respondent 2 is 54 years old and works as a senior bank manager. Moreover, his household income amounts to $ 198 per year. Based on the rental income, the respondent can afford to pay the rent in any of the six options. However, the manager has chosen to settle on option 4, which means the family situation has contributed to the decision. Moreover, the ethnicity has contributed to the decision, as the respondent has considered not moving too far from the main town. Respondent 3 has zero income and depends on his husbands income, the income seems to be the influential factor on the rental property decision, this is shown by the fact that the husband is the only breadwinner and that the family has kids. The choice, therefore, ought to be considerate of the childrens upkeep. In this case, ethnicity had no role to play(Matthews, 2017). Respondent 4 The respondent works as a plumber and is 29 years of age. The respondent majorly made the decision based on his age as well as his income. The choice on the type of property was also influenced by the ethnicity as the English like to stay together.Moreover,the respondent is yet to marry, though he has a partner though they do not stay together. This means that the choice of rental property for his case did not include a family as one of the factors. The age as well, dictates that this is a person likely to focus on simplicity, and therefore having to go for the rest of the rental property options would be in appropriate since he is yet to have a family(Na, 2016). Also, the respondent has an introvert personality which means he prefers to be among people rather than by himself hence the option to go for a rental property that they share. Conclusion When it comes to rental property, it is crucial that one considers all aspects that are surrounding the property. This will make one arrive at a decision that is more favorable. In most cases, the choice of rental property to most individuals is largely influenced by the income. The other factor that determines the decision in the family, this further complicates the choices at times when the income is low. The above analysis on the three respondents has proved that when a marketer approaches a client, he/she needs to understand the clients needs and situations. This will enable the marketer to provide a package that suits the client and furthermore makes it easier for the client to come up with a decision. Finally, the choices are also influenced by the personality of individuals have an influence though it is rarely recognized. This influence though subtle can be the only factor that an individual may base to make the decision. Recommendation The range of rental properties sited on the survey question is very attractive and have all been customizedto suit the needs and preferences of various clients. However,I would recommend that a marketer to go rental property option 1. The key selling points for this property option include The property is suitable for families as well as the divorced The property is very near to social amenities It is suitable for all types of personalities due to its proximity to social amenities as wellas ample parking space. The rental charges are very pocket friendly, which will also ensure that the marketer will take home a hefty package. Bottom line this property option is very attractive, which also makes it a hot cake in the market thus easy to get a client. References Cherry, R. a. (20115). Concentration of Rental Housing Property and Rental Housing Markets in Urban Areas. Real Estate Economics, 3(1), pp.7-16. Real Estate Economics, 7-16. Easthope, H. (. (2014). Making a Rental Property Home. Housing Studies, 579-596. Herman, C. (2014). Personalities' Theories. PsycCRITIQUES. PsycCRITIQUES, 34. Kim, R. (2013). Introduction to Unified Personalities. journal of personality, 45. Krupi?, D. K. (2016). Personality and defensive behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 303-308. Matthews, G. (. (2017). Cognitive-Adaptive Trait Theory. Journal of Personality. Mohamed, S. (. (2014). The Rental Housing Act and Provincial Rental Housing Tribunals. SSRN Electronic Journal. Na, J. M. (2016). Social-Class Differences in Consumer Choices. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 430-433. Slade, L. a. (2012). Achievement motivation and the dynamics of task difficulty choices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 165-172. Zapolski, T. G. (2012). Construct Validation Theory Applied to the Study of Personality Dysfunction. Journal of Personality, 1507-1531.

Project Sustainability Management

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to carry out an environmental assessment for a new project and identify both the positive and the negative factors that will determine the sustainability of the project.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Project Sustainability Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The environment consists of forces within the organization and others outside the organization which the management has little or no control over. Therefore organization must creatively adapt to both these forces and compete in the circumstances that the environment dictates. The main environmental factors are corporate, political, social, technical, economic and legal factors. A symbiotic relationship between the project and the environment exists which implies that the output of one is the input of the other and vice versa and this occurs in an almost cyclical pattern. This also means that they depend on each other for survival. The long term sustainability of each is inextricably linked to the survival of the other. It is for that reason that care must be taken by those planning the project to ensure that the environment is preserved in order to guarantee the continuity of the project. Because the environment is dynamic the project managers must keep monitoring it during the project life cycle and adjust the organization accordingly. To achieve long term sustainability of the project a holistic approach during planning is required where all environmental factors are considered and continuous dialogue and engagement of all stakeholders undertaken during the life of the project in order to achieve long term success. Background of the Study Each year, millions of dollars are invested in new projects that are later abandoned or whose desired outcomes are not achieved (Khan, 2000). This results in increased indebtedness, unrealized gains from the expenditure or lower rate of g ain from the expenditure than expected.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other instances, projects have to be scaled up or down from original plans at huge additional costs to investors. It is because of this that the field of sustainability management is gaining popularity in management today. Sustainability is the ability of a project to maintain its â€Å"operations and to effectively and economically continue the provision of services and benefits during its life time† (Khan, 2000; USAID, 1988). It is concerned with both the continuity as well as the impact of the project on the environment (Nepal, 1994). The World Bank defines sustainability as the ability of a project to maintain an acceptable level of benefit flow throughout its economic life (cited in Bamberger and Cheema, 1990). Sustainability management is concerned with the impact of an enterpr ise’s activities on the environment because it will in turn affect the long term viability of the firm’s activities (UnitedNations, 1987). Companies are encouraged to safeguard their long term commercial interests through responsible use of the environment and its resources. This calls for a shift from profit maximization goal to a balance between the economic, ecological and social interests in business (Tshopp, 2003). The integral components of a sustainable project include; continued operations and maintenance of project facilities, continued flow of benefits to the target groups, continued participation of stakeholders, equitable sharing and distribution of project’s benefits, institutional instability as well as environmental preservation (Khan, 2000; Nepal, 1994; USAID, 1988). The threats to sustainability can be simple or complex and they vary from sector to sector, they can be internal or caused by the macro environment (Nepal, 1994). They can be identif ied and rectified at the planning stage or may require constant monitoring of the operating environment and adjustments during the project’s life (Khan, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Project Sustainability Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The environmental contexts within which a project is to be established and operates in exert significant influence on it and can determine how the project is executed and its level of success (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011). This paper seeks to identify the environmental forces that will affect and influence the establishment of a new centralized call centre project planned by the Standard Chartered Bank. It is hoped that by doing so the management will be better informed in identify changes in the environment and adapt the project to fit those changes thus, enhancing the sustainability and the chances of overall success of the project. Propos ed Standard Chartered Centralized Call Centre The call centre will be the office where all the companies in bound calls will be received and outbound calls made. It will consist of customer service, sales as well as technical support staff. The inbound calls role will be to provide assistance to customers on a 24 hour basis on queries regarding their accounts, information about account balances, assist in loans payments, funds transfers, general customer’s inquiries and resolve any issues that fall within this docket. The outbound calls’ will be used to undertake surveys for the bank as well as in telemarketing of bank’s products. Previously, the customer care services have been dispersed within the bank and in its branch network. However new advances in call centre technology indicates that a centralized call centre is more efficient and effective. The advantages of a centralized call centre includes close, constant monitoring and training of staff to enhance q uality of service, utilization of advanced technology such as automatic call distribution and automated call response technologies that enhance customers’ experience. A centralized call centre will also allow the bank to quickly adjust staffing to match volume. It will also be cheaper to operate than a dispersed model which the company has been operating; this is because a major telecommunication setup will be installed once as opposed to small installations in multiple locations as is presently the case.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A centralized and specialized call centre is expected to greatly enhance the Company’s performance and image in the long run as the call centre evolves and becomes more efficient and skilled in assisting customers. It is expected to play a key role in the future as fewer customers are expected to come to banking hall as more banking transactions are carried out through the internet and mobile. Sustainability Analysis of the Project’s Environmental Context Sustainability analysis is the rigorous testing before the implementation of a project to identify and plan for any factors that are likely to impact positively or negatively on the sustained delivery of the project. This includes the analysis of the key aspects of the micro and macro environment. Corporate Environment This is also called the internal environment and is composed of elements within the organization that determines its ability to achieve its goals (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011). It includes employees, man agement, organization culture and management philosophy. The organization’s vision, mission, objectives and policies of the organization are the strongest internal factors shaping the bank’s new project (Berkowitz, Frederick, Roger, Steven, William, 1998). This is because they define the strategic direction of the organization as they determine which business activities the bank will engage in, the market sectors it operates in and how it achieves these objective and goals. Therefore any new plan or project must be consistent with these factors. The resources of the organization will determine the size of the project, and its long term success; these resources include financial, entrepreneurial, human resources as well as the infrastructure (Peter and Donnelly, 2006). The financial endowment of the bank will determine the size of the new project, the level of technology to be acquired, the size and quality of human resources to be recruited amongst others. More importa ntly, the continued allocation of adequate resources in the future is critical to sustainable operations of the call centre. The top management of the bank is the most instrumental to the success of this project. These are the people who set forth the goals and objectives of the new project and allocate resources for its implementation. They are important because they define the structure, size and nature of work to be carried out by the new call centre. The skills and knowledge of the existing employees will play a key role in the design, and implementation of the new call centre. Their resistance to this project could very well derail its success but their support and contribution of skills, knowledge, opinions and ideas will contribute to its success. The organization culture will determine how effective the new project will be and its long term viability (Peter and Donnelly). Thus, a determined result driven organizational culture is more likely to foster the long term success o f the project. The top management philosophy of work will define how the call centre will work and is likely to have a long term impact on its future (Jain, 2004). Some managers believe that employees like to work so that they can give their employees freedom to do what they want, others on the contrary believe that employees have to be forced to work therefore they institute strict supervisory rules at work. A strict supervisory regime is likely to lead to work dissatisfaction and higher rate of turnover and vice versa. The organizational structure will determine how the new department fit in, who they report to and their significance and the role they will play in the organization. It will also define the long term position of the call centre in the organization’s strategy. A prominent position in the structure guarantees sustainability whereas an obscure position may indicate a short term project life. Political Environment This relates to the government’s policy on business (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011). It describes the attitude of government to private ownership and business and the level of government participation in business activities. Political environment is also concerned with government assistance provided to businesses such as subsidies, policy and advisory assistance (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011). It also includes the government stimulation of certain sectors of the economy to promote the production of particular products and the regulation of others through taxes and policy instruments (Berkowitz et al, 1998). Political stability of a country is very important for business continuity (Hill and Jain, 2005). This is because political instability can destroy the assets of the bank and affect the customers’ ability to buy the banks products and services thus indirectly affecting the banks operations. The call centre activities will strongly be influenced by government activities because government laws and regulations can make a business’ operations legal or illegal. Government’s engagement in political or economic federation such as the EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, among others can affect the operations of the bank and the call centre because foreign banks might gain preferential access of the local market and threaten the bank’s profitability and survival (Hill and Jain, 2005). Finally, government activities also determine exchange rate, nature and intensity of international trade, tax policies amongst others and these may present opportunities or threats to the bank’s long term viability (Peter and Donnelly, 2006). Economic Environment This is defined as the â€Å"totality of economic factors such as employment, income, inflation, interest rates, productivity and wealth that influence the buying behavior of consumers and firms† (Hartline and Ferrell, 2011). The economic conditions of a country as well as of the world will directly and indirectly affect the operations of the call centre. These aspects of the economy include: – High level of interests which deter investments because they increase the cost of borrowing and doing business (Jain, 2004). If the rate of interest is high then the level of funds available to the bank to establish the call centre or maintain its operations will be low; low levels of interest on the other hand stimulate investments. Taxation laws can foster or hinder business activities (Jain, 2004). Taxation can be general or specific. If taxes on capital investments are low this can foster the call center operations and vice versa. Taxation can also boost or hinder demand of banking services and products thus determining the volume of business that the call centre undertakes (Jain, 2004). The rate of economic growth is another economic factor that will impact on the call centre activities; when the economy is growing, the level of demand for products and services increases proportionally (Jain, 2004). When the economic growth is weak or negative, the demand for banking services is low. Thus, sustainable economic growth will result in sustained call centre growth. The level of inflation is another factor that will determine the establishment and its long term success of the call centre. High level of inflation decreases the absolute wealth of citizens (Jain, 2004) and thus reduces the demand for banking service and vice versa. Other aspects of the economic environment that will affect and determine sustainability include exchange rate trends, unemployment rate and the stock market index. A strong exchange rate favors imports whereas a weak rate favors exports; thus, if the country is a net exporter it is likely to benefit from a low currency whereas if it is an importer it will prefer a strong currency. A higher rate of employment increases the market size for the bank and a strong market index indicate strong economy and this is likely to increase the demand for the banks product and service in general (Jain, 2004). Social Environmental This refers to the changes in social trends as well as the characteristics of the population (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011). The demographic characteristics of the market such as age, gender, education, religion, income distribution, and spatial distribution will influence the nature of activities of the call centre (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011). For instance, if majority of the population is old, the services provided by the bank will be pension and consumption related; if they are young, the services they will require from the bank will be investment oriented. The level of users’ education will determine the ease with which people can access information from the call centre through their phones or internet. Religion also plays a very strong role in the beliefs of people, their behaviors and their attitude towards work. There are also taboos and beliefs that may benefit or hinder the demand for the call centre services. For example some Islami c cultures forbid women from working which will impact on the gender of workers as well as reduce the total number of customers. Usability and revision issues (Technological Environment) It is concerned with new technologies, products and processes. New technologies such as internet and mobile have brought about new products and services such as real time services and online banking (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). This has not only opened new frontiers in provision of financial services but also redefined how business is done. New products such as paperless payments systems, international payments have increased the complexity of doing business. These developments are likely to increase the demand for call centre services as customers are in a position of constantly access banking services, products and information without physically going to the bank. The need for speed in transaction also favors call centers over physical banking and the general effect of technology on business is t hat through innovation, there is a host of new improved services and products the result is that the cost is low while the quality has improved significantly. The challenge of technology is the rapid obsolescence of products and services which shorten the product life cycle drastically meaning the sustainability of the call centre can be rendered useless by new technology. Ecological Environment These relate to the climate, weather and the physical environment which broadly define the economic activity that is carried out in an area (Reed, 2006). Changes in the climate such as the global warming phenomena are serious because they threaten to destroy fragile ecosystems as well as economic systems upon which human beings depend on. It also threatens the world with poverty, hunger and extinction. Another aspect of ecology is pollution management, preservation of flora and fauna as well as cultural heritage. The challenge of the ecology is for companies to get involved in environmental preservation to mitigate the effect of ecological change. Legal Environment This refers to the laws that govern the conduct of business in a country (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011); they have a direct impact on the operation of the call centre. They include, anti discrimination laws that forbid the discrimination of persons on the basis of their age, gender, physical ability or disability (Ferrell and Hartline, 2011). Other important laws include consumer protection laws, ownership laws, banking laws, employment laws, health and safety laws, competition laws amongst others. All these laws have to be adhered to and they explicitly state what can be done or not. Compliance to these laws impact on the firms operation costs (Reed, 2006). They can also determine the demand of a company’s product and influence decisions on who gets employed (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). All the activities of the call centers are actually guided by the laws of the country and must be adhered to. Conclu sion The environment in which a new project or venture is to be implemented can hinder or facilitate the sustainability of a new project. Thus there is need to fully consider each and every aspect of the environment and the likely effect on the sustainability of the project before implementation. In order to ensure continuity a long term view of profitability should be adopted as opposed to a short term profit maximization goal (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). The most important factor in sustainability management is continuous environmental scanning so that emergent changes are identified and responded to (Ghemawat, 1986). This is because the environmental variable may be favorable today but a change in key variables may make it very untenable for business to prosper in future. Changes can be abrupt and are not easily predictable (Reed, 2006); companies should therefore identify which factors are critical to their survival and keep a constant eye on them (Cravens and Piercy, 2006). Co mpanies should also engage in constant dialogue with all stakeholders of a project such as employees, customers, suppliers, investors, government, interest groups and publics because they are part of the environment and also because and any changes and solutions often require their collaboration (Nepal, 1994). References Bamberger, M. Cheema, S. 1990. Case studies of project sustainability: Implications  for policy and operations from Asian experience. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Berkowitz, E, Frederick C, Roger K, Steven H, William, R. 1998. Marketing. Toronto: McGraw-Hill. Cravens, D.W., Piercy, N.F. 2006. Strategic Marketing. Sydney: Irwin. Ferrell, O.C. Hartline, D. M. 2011. Marketing Strategy 5th edition. Ohio: South- Western. Ghemawat, P. 1986. Sustainable Advantage, Harvard Business Review, 64: Pp 53-58. Hill, C.W. Jain, K. 2005. International Business: Competing in the Global  Marketplace. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Jain, S. 2004. Marketing: Planning and Strat egy.. Singapore: Thomson. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. 2010. Principles of Marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Khan, A. 2000. Planning for and Monitoring of Project Sustainability: A Guideline on  Concepts, Issues and Tools. Web. Nepal, R. 1994. Auditing project sustainability. Web. Peter, J.P. and Donnelly, J.H. 2006. A Preface to Marketing Management. Sydney: Irwin. Reed, P. 2006. Strategic Marketing Planning. Victoria: Thomson. Tschopp, D. 2003. It’s Time for Triple Bottom Line Reporting The CPA Journal. Web. UnitedNations. 1987. Report of the World Commission on Environment and  Development: Our Common Future. New York: U.N. USAID.org. 1988. Sustainability of Development programs: A compendium of donor  experience. Washington, DC: USAID. This critical writing on Project Sustainability Management was written and submitted by user Wayne L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.